In early times, peas were grown mostly for their dry seeds. In the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, this legume crop appears in the Ganges Basin and southern India. 2000 BC, in Harappan civilization around modern-day Pakistan and western- and northwestern India in 2250–1750 BC. The pea was also present in Georgia in the 5th millennium BC. 4800–4400 BC in the Nile delta area, and from c. The earliest archaeological finds of peas date from the late Neolithic era of current Syria, Anatolia, Israel, Iraq, Jordan and Greece. The wild pea is restricted to the Mediterranean Basin and the Near East. History Pea in a painting by Mateusz Tokarski, ca. In dense plantings, peas give each other some measure of mutual support. Metal fences, twine, or netting supported by a frame are used for the same purpose. Branches used in this fashion are called pea sticks or sometimes pea brush. A traditional approach to supporting climbing peas is to thrust branches pruned from trees or other woody plants upright into the soil, providing a lattice for the peas to climb. The vining cultivars grow thin tendrils from leaves that coil around any available support and can climb to be 1 to 2 metres (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in) high. Peas have both low-growing and vining cultivars. Many cultivars reach maturity about 60 days after planting. They do not thrive in the summer heat of warmer temperate and lowland tropical climates, but do grow well in cooler, high-altitude, tropical areas. The seeds may be planted as soon as the soil temperature reaches 10 ☌ (50 ☏), with the plants growing best at temperatures of 13 to 18 ☌ (55 to 64 ☏). These are the basis of pease porridge and pea soup, staples of medieval cuisine in Europe, consuming fresh immature green peas was an innovation of early modern cuisine.ĭescription Pisum sativum : ripe pods dehiscing to shed ripe seeds - MHNT Flowers of Pisum sativumĪ pea is a most commonly green, occasionally golden yellow, or infrequently purple pod-shaped vegetable, widely grown as a cool-season vegetable crop. The immature peas (and in snow peas the tender pod as well) are used as a vegetable, fresh, frozen or canned varieties of the species typically called field peas are grown to produce dry peas like the split pea shelled from a matured pod. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 gram. They are a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world planting can take place from winter to early summer depending on location. Peas are annual plants, with a life cycle of one year. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae such as the pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan), the cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata), and the seeds from several species of Lathyrus. Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. Each pod contains several peas, which can be green or yellow. The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the flowering plant species Lathyrus oleraceus. Pisum transcaucasicum (Govorov) Stankov (1949), not validly publ.Pisum album Garsault (1764), opus utique rej.
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